Thirty Years War Battle of Rocroi

In early 1643, the Spanish launched an invasion of northern France with the goal of relieving pressure on Catalonia and Franche-Comtà ©. Led by General Francisco de Melo, the mixed army of Spanish and Imperial troops crossed the border from Flanders and moved through the Ardennes. Arriving at the fortified town of Rocroi, de Melo laid siege. In an effort to block the Spanish advance, the 21-year old Duc de dEnghien (later the Prince of Conde), moved north with 23,000 men. Receiving word that de Melo was at Rocroi, dEnghien moved to attack before the Spanish could be reinforced. Summary Approaching Rocroi, dEnghien was surprised to find that the roads to the town were not defended. Moving through a narrow defile flanked by woods and marsh, he deployed his army on a ridge overlooking the town with his infantry in the center and cavalry on the flanks. Seeing the French nearing, de Melo formed up his army in a similar fashion between the ridge and Rocroi. After camping overnight in their positions, the battle began early on the morning of May 19, 1643. Moving to strike the first blow, dEnghien advanced his infantry and the cavalry on his right. As the fighting began, the Spanish infantry, fighting in their traditional tercio (square) formations gained the upper hand. On the French left, the cavalry, despite dEnghiens orders to hold their position charged forward. Slowed by soft, marshy ground, the French cavalrys charge was defeated by the German cavalry of Grafen von Isenburg. Counterattacking, Isenburg was able to drive the French horsemen from the field and then moved to assault the French infantry. This strike was blunted by the French infantry reserve which moved forward to meet the Germans. While the battle was going poorly on the left and center, dEnghien was able to achieve success on the right. Pushing Jean de Gassions cavalry forward, with support from musketeers, dEnghien was able to rout the opposing Spanish cavalry. With the Spanish horsemen swept from the field, dEnghien wheeled Gassions cavalry around and had them strike the flank and rear of de Melos infantry. Charging into the ranks of German and Walloon infantry, Gassions men were able to force them to retreat. As Gassion was attacking, the infantry reserve was able to break Isenburgs assault, compelling him to retire. Having gained the upper hand, by 8:00 AM dEnghien was able to reduce de Melos army to its vaunted Spanish tercios. Surrounding the Spanish, dEnghien pummeled them with artillery and launched four cavalry charges but was unable to break their formation. Two hours later, dEnghien offered the remaining Spanish terms of surrender similar to those given to a besieged garrison. These were accepted and the Spanish were permitted to depart the field with their colors and weapons. Aftermath The Battle of Rocroi cost dEnghien around 4,000 dead and wounded. Spanish losses were much higher with 7,000 dead and wounded as well as 8,000 captured. The French victory at Rocroi marked the first time the Spanish had been defeated in a major land battle in nearly a century. Though they had failed to crack, the battle also marked the beginning of the end for the Spanish tercio as a favored fighting formation. After Rocroi and the Battle of the Dunes (1658), armies began shifting to more linear formations. Selected Sources: The French Phase of the Thirty Years WarFrance and the Thirty Years War

Mass Shooting At A Gay Night Club Essay - 1522 Words

The 2016 Orlando shooting at a gay night club is the largest mass shooting to take place in the United States of America (Duff, 2016, p. 193). It gained international media coverage and took social media by storm. Many theories can be applied to the shooting, specifically the strain theory and routine activity theory (Levin Madfis, 2009, p. 1227). The Shooting In the early morning of June 12, 2016, a single shooter killed 49 people and wounded an additional 53 people at a Pulse, a popular gay night club in Orlando, Florida on a night they were celebrating Latino culture. The shooter was identified as Omar Mateen, and American who pledged allegiance to the terrorist group known as Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) (Ellis, Fantz, Karimi, McLaughlin, 2016, para. 2). Two weeks prior to the shooting, Mateen legally obtained firearms from a local vendor, but it is unknown is these were the weapons used in the shooting (para. 24 25). A standoff between Mateen and the Orlando Police lasted roughly three hours, and ended with a SWAT team shooting and killing Mateen in attempt to save more victims, bringing the total deaths of the event up to 50 (para. 4 7). The president of the United States of America, Barack Obama, described the event as both of act of terror and an act of hate (para. 10). According to his ex-wife, Matee n had a history of violence in relationships (para. 16). His mental stability was questioned and his religiouss affiliations were unclear, butShow MoreRelatedMass Shootings : An Act Of Terrorism1433 Words   |  6 PagesMass Shootings (Overview) Mass shootings have become a disturbing trend that is on the rise. They can happen in places like Sports stadiums, Clubs, Schools, shopping centers, movie theaters, and even concerts. A mass shooting can be committed by either an individual or an organization. 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Impact of Socio Economic Condition on Academic Achievement of Students Free Essays

Research Proposal On Impact of Socio Economic Condition on Academic Achievement of Students Introduction Education provides individual children with the knowledge and skills necessary to advance themselves and their nation economically. Socioeconomic factors, such as family income level, parents’ level of education, race and gender, all influence the quality and availability of education as well as the ability of education to improve life circumstances. (Jennifer, 2005). We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Socio Economic Condition on Academic Achievement of Students or any similar topic only for you Order Now A person’s education is closely linked to their life chances, income, and well being. Therefore, it is important to have a clear understanding of what benefits or hinders one’s educational attainment (Barry 2005). Socioeconomic status (SES) is often measured as a combination of education, income, and occupation. It is commonly conceptualized as the social standing or class of an individual or group. When viewed through a social class lens, privilege, power, and control are emphasized. Understanding the effects of socioeconomic status on academic performance is important in determining effective and valid testing for students. Determining the correlation between these two variables is important for all educators to understand, so that all students can achieve to their academic potential. Finding the correlation between academic performance and socioeconomic status can assist educators in determining instructional strategies that best fit each individual student (Brent, 2009). The issue of socioeconomic status and its relationship in the academic performance creates an emerging study in academic research. The link between the economic status of the family and its influence in the student’s pursuance for education is one of the issues that the educators are attempting to address. In public institutions all levels of students are getting chance to study according to their merit. After getting the scope to study in public universities, it is not a very easy task for all students to carry on their studies in present circumstances. According to statistical reports 23-25% students of public universities are come from those families which are living below the poverty line (Dr. Abdul Hai, 2009). Problem Statement The level of family income, what level of income a family is in, has the potential to influence a child’s ability to perform from one extreme to the other. Parents with higher status often have more opportunities in preparing their young children for school because they typically have access to a wide range of resources in contrast to parents with lack of financial and social status. Parents with inadequate resources and limited access can negatively affect their young children’s development in learning (Eamon, 2005). In the other developing country, like Bangladesh which is a populous country, socio-economic status of a family is usually linked with the family’s income, parent’s educational level, parent’s occupation and the social status of other relatives. This logic is said to create great parental influences on the student’s university performance (Okafor, 2007). The university effectiveness is also addressed in the determining the outcome of the students. This justification motivated to investigate the socio-economic condition of the parents and its impact on their children’s’ academic achievements in Department of Business Administration Literature Review We know that the link between a child’s socio-economic status (SES) and school achievement is real; it is a very tight link as such things go, and the link has existed for decades (Grant, 2005). The level of family income, what level of income a family is in, has the potential to influence a child’s ability to perform from one extreme to the other. If a parent is financially able to clothe, feed and entertain their children it appears they should have all the support they would need to score well on exams. However on the flip side, if parents are not financially able to support their children with just the basic needs, it is possible that will have an effect on the child’s scores as well(Ima,2008). Extensive   research   in   the   sociology   of   education   offers   conclusive   evidence   of   a   positive   relationship   between   family   socio? economic   status  (SES)   and   the   academic   achievement   of  students   (Sirin,   2005;   White,  1982). On this relationship, Bone (1981) studied and concluded that the students belong to the family of high socio-economic condition have effective academic achievements than students belong to poor family. Sirin (2005) conducted research and the result showed medium to strong relationship between socio-economic condition and academic achievements. The socio-economic condition of a family is an important factor which affects the learning achievements (Iqbal, 2012). According to Bon (1981) Socio-economic status can be measured in a number of different ways. Most commonly it is measured by parents’ education, occupation and income and the responsible factor is father, but sometimes mother’s education or occupation, family income resources or household possession are used, especially in combination. Whatever the measurement is the socio-economic status is positively correlated with both educational attainment and achievement. The socioeconomic background was founded and recognized from the wealthy and well-educated parents that can help to ensure the future of their children. Because of their influence, it is believed that the background of a student is favorable for their learning environment, better education, and good jobs. On the other hand, the children who have the low socioeconomic background are believed to lack in education and obtaining an opportunity in the future may be difficult. Because of the importance of family backgrounds in other countries, it is also referenced to be the major influence on the student school success. The relationships of the student environment have established many variables that can be direct or indirect in the student’s success (Okafor, 2007). Objectives The main aim of the study is to examine the impact of socio-economic condition of parents and its relationship with academic achievements of children. In order to provide the idea regarding the study, there are other objectives that should be considered. * To recognize the perceptions of the students regarding the family status and academic achievements. * To examine the impact of socio-economic condition of parents and its relationship with academic achievements of children. * And to suggest the other possible ways to increase the competitiveness of the academic settings. Methodology This study is an exploratory in nature. For exploring and explaining the impact of socioeconomic condition on academic achievement, the researchers apply both qualitative and quantitative method. To collect information we use various techniques like interview, observation. * Sources of data: The study will be based on both primary and secondary data. The respondents are the source of primary data and the literature (research reports, journals, articles, bulletins) related to the socioeconomic status will be considered as secondary sources of data. Population: Target population of the research is 350 students of Business department. Sampling procedure: As a sample technique we use probability sampling, because every member of the population has a known, non-zero probability of selection. All probability sampling are designed or based on selection criterion and among them we select stratified sampling, a probability sampling procedure in which simple random subsamples that are more or less equal on some characteristics are drawn from within each stratum of the population. Stratified sampling is of two types, proportional stratified sample and disproportional stratified sample. For purpose of our study we use proportional stratified sampling, a stratified sample in which the number of sampling units drawn from each stratum is proportional to the population size of that stratum. We have stratified 350 students of Business department in seven batches and randomly select seven students from each stratum. * Sample size: The total numbers of sample is 49. All respondents will be selected for interview. Techniques of data collection Research data will be collected by using the techniques of interview. During the interview phase selected respondent will be formally invited to participate in the session. A convenient place of respondent will be fixed according to their yearning. Tools of data collection For collecting data the following tools will be used- * Interview schedule with open and close ended questions * Unit of analysis: Every student of the study will be the unit of analysis. * Respondents: The respondents will be selected on basis of following three criteria. Such as- * Who currently study in Business Administration Department * Those who are engaged on tuition for supporting their study * Those who live in the student hall or Boarding house Data processing and interpretation As result being conducted using the tools of interview schedule. So it will transcribe the data and carefully reexamine to minimized errors in the data. Collected data will be classified into different socio-economic characters. Analysis work after tabulation will generally based on the computation of various percentages. Researcher will use various statistical tools like regression analysis, correlation analysis and also dispersion for analyzing the data. References * Ahmad Iqbal (31 July, 2012), Relationship between parental socio-economic conditions and student’s academic achievements: A case of district dir, Timergara, Pakistan [online] accessed on 21 December 2012. Barry Jennifer (2005), The Effect of Socio-Economic Status on Academic Achievement [online] Accessed on 15 December 2012. * Blevins M Brent (2009), Effects of socioeconomic status on academic performance in Missouri public schools [online] Accessed on 15 December 2012. * C. R. Kothari (2005), Research Methodology: Methods Techniques – Page: 95-122, used for collecting and analyzing the data. * Ima (November 2008), Socioeconomic Status and School Achieve ment [online] accessed on 20December 2012. * Okafor, P. (2007) A Case Study: Factors Contributing to the Academic Achievement of Low-Socio Economic Status Students in Anambra South County, Anambra State Nigeria[Online] Available at: http://patrickokafor. com/LeadingtoThesisProposal1. pdf [Accessed 01 December 2012]. * Thomas, J. , Stockton, C. , (2003) Socioeconomic Status, Race, Gender, Retention: Impact on Student Achievement [Online] Available at: http://www. usca. edu/essays/vol72003/stockton. pdf [Accessed 07 December 20102]. * William G. Zikmund (2010-2011), Business Research Methods – Page: 400-402, Stratified Sampling Technique. How to cite Impact of Socio Economic Condition on Academic Achievement of Students, Papers

Music Piracy Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Music Piracy Argumentative Essay While I was searching online for articles about downloading, I discovered the website for the Recording Industry Association of America, or ARIA. This organization deals with the laws against music piracy. Music piracy can be defined as the stealing of music (Examples). The two main ethical arguments advanced by the ARIA are that downloading is theft and that it harms the music industry and its employees (ARIA). The ARIA has filed many lawsuits against people who have ignored these laws (Austin). The argument that downloading is theft comes from the position that music is intellectual property (ARIA). The Arias advertisements show a clear parallel between downloading a song and shoplifting a CD. The implication is that intellectual property is no different than physical property; and therefore, the wrongness of physical theft applies directly to downloading music (Boon). I feel that there is a distinction between the two properties. People can use intellectual property simultaneously without interfering with other peoples rights. If I were to download a CD I wouldnt be robbing the opportunity for someone else to buy the CD. On the contrary, if I were to shoplift a CD it would take away the possibility of someone else purchasing that CD. The organizations laws made me question how I felt about downloading as a whole. On one hand, I believe that downloading music is not like stealing at all. I consider theft as physically taking an object from someone else. Downloading music doesnt take away something that can be potentially sold by the owner, so to me, it cant technically be considered as theft. On the other hand, I agree that downloading music is becoming a problem for many industries and the artists as individuals. After researching the laws of the ARIA, I began to wonder how serious downloading is or the music industry. I decided to search for articles that specifically addressed these issues. I came across several articles that addressed the huge impact of intellectual property theft. The article I found most meaningful is from the Music United Organization. The article states that music piracy causes $12. 5 billion in economic losses every year. Along with this, the article states that approximately 71,060 U. S. Jobs are lost every year due to music downloads (Piracy). This fact illustrates that not only does piracy affect musicians, but many other people as well. Record companies and music store clerks are some of the other people it hurts. I agree that downloading music affects more than Just the artist. This article gave me a better understanding on how serious downloading music really is. While I was Music Piracy By Haley my attention. The article explains the benefits that come from free downloading. This particular article discusses how the band, Radioed, allowed their entire CD, Kid A to be downloaded for free. The band used the downloading for publicity rather than using interviews, music videos, or radio plays. The CD was available for ere three months before the release date. Despite the heavy downloading, the CD sold 210,000 copies in the first week and it debuted at number one on the Billboard charts (Examples). This suggests that downloading generated enough publicity to help the album become extremely successful. I feel that allowing music to be downloaded is a great form of publicity. It allows the music to be viewed before the actual buying of the CD. I prefer not purchasing a CD until Im positive I will like it. Along with this, I feel that people are more likely to go to concerts if music is being heard in advance by free downloads. I have gone to many concerts where I dont own the CD of the artist that was performing. At this point of my research, I began to see more clearly why the issue of downloading music is problematic. The success of Radioed with the free downloads was the exact opposite of what the ARIA laws said should happen. The free downloads did not hurt the musicians; it actually allowed listeners to become more aware of a particular CD and the result was an increase in sales. Thus, the argument held by the ARIA that downloading music is unethical because it harms the music industry is distorted and invalid.

Charlemagne Essays - Early Middle Ages, Merovingian Dynasty

Charlemagne Charlemagne 1. The Merovingian Family The Merovingian family, from which the Franks used to choose their kings, is commonly said to have lasted until the time of Childeric [III, 743-752] who was deposed, shaved, and thrust into the cloister by command of the Roman Pontiff Stephen [II (or III) 752-757]. But although, to all outward appearance, it ended with him, it had long since been devoid of vital strength, and conspicuous only from bearing the empty epithet Royal; the real power and authority in the kingdom lay in the hands of the chief officer of the court, the so-called Mayor of the Palace, and he was at the head of affairs. There was nothing left the King to do but to be content with his name of King, his flowing hair, and long beard, to sit on his throne and play the ruler, to give ear to the ambassadors that came from all quarters, and to dismiss them, as if on his own responsibility, in words that were, in fact, suggested to him, or even imposed upon him. He had nothing that he could call his own beyond this vai n title of King and the precarious support allowed by the Mayor of the Palace in his discretion, except a single country seat, that brought him but a very small income. There was a dwelling house upon this, and a small number of servants attached to it, sufficient to perform the necessary offices. When he had to go abroad, he used to ride in a cart, drawn by a yoke of oxen driven, peasant-fashion, by a Ploughman; he rode in this way to the palace and to the general assembly of the people, that met once a year for the welfare of the kingdom, and he returned him in like manner. The Mayor of the Palace took charge of the government and of everything that had to be planned or executed at home or abroad. 2. Charlemagne's Ancestors At the time of Childeric's deposition, Pepin, the father of King Charles, held this office of Mayor of the Palace, one might almost say, by hereditary right; for Pepin's father, Charles [Martel 715-41], had received it at the hands of his father, Pepin, and filled it with distinction. It was this Charles that crushed the tyrants who claimed to rule the whole Frank land as their own, and that utterly routed the Saracens, when they attempted the conquest of Gaul, in - -two great battles-one in Aquitania, near the town of Poitiers , and the other on the River Berre, near Narbonne-and compelled them to return to Spain. This honor was usually conferred by the people only upon men eminent from their illustrious birth and ample wealth. For some years, ostensibly under King the father of King Charles, Childeric, Pepin, shared the duties inherited from his father and grandfather most amicably with his brother, Carloman. The latter, then, for reasons unknown, renounced the heavy cares of an ea rthly crown and retired to Rome [747]. Here he exchanged his worldly garb for a cowl, and built a monastery on Mt. Oreste, near the Church of St. Sylvester, where he enjoyed for several years the seclusion that he desired, in company with certain others who had the same object in view. But so many distinguished Franks made the pilgrimage to Rome to fulfill their vows, and insisted upon paying their respects to him, as their former lord, on the way, that the repose which he so much loved was broken by these frequent visits, and he was driven to change his abode. Accordingly when he found that his plans were frustrated by his many visitors, he abandoned the mountain, and withdrew to the Monastery of St. Benedict, on Monte Cassino, in the province of Samnium [in 754], and passed the rest there in the exercise of religion. 3. Charlemagne's Accession Pepin, however, was raised by decree of the Roman pontiff, from the rank of Mayor of the Palace to that of King, and ruled alone over the Franks for fifteen years or more [752-768]. He died of dropsy [Sept. 24, 768] in Paris at the close of the Aquitanian War, which he had waged with William, Duke of Aquitania, for nine successive

Free Essays on FedEx & UPS

Introduction In the last 20 years, guaranteed two-day and overnight delivery service has resulted in drastic changes in business’ perceptions of â€Å"timely†. The Pony Express delivered messages for only a few months until the telegraph rendered it obsolete. Many think that fax machines and e-mail do the same thing to the overnight market. So far this has not been the case. The industry has continued to change nonetheless, hastened by the march of technology. As manufacturers and sellers have focused on driving costs down in a more competitive marketplace, inventory management has become an increasingly important issue. The package delivery industry has responded with packages and services that make better inventory management possible. The industry offers many price structures, timing options, and tracking information alternatives for a variety of different needs. Business Summary FedEx Corporation (FedEx) is a global provider of transportation, e-commerce and supply chain management services. Services offered by FedEx companies, through over 215,000 employees and contractors, include worldwide express delivery, ground small-parcel delivery, less-than-truckload freight delivery, supply chain management, customs brokerage, and trade facilitation and electronic commerce solutions. FedEx offers its integrated business solutions through a portfolio of operating companies, including Federal Express Corporation, the Company's largest subsidiary. United Parcel Service Inc. (UPS) is an express carrier, package delivery company and a global provider of specialized transportation and logistics services. Over the course of more than 90 years, the Company has expanded from a small regional parcel delivery service into a global company. UPS delivers packages each business day for 1.8 million shipping customers to six million consignees. The Company's primary business is the time-definite delivery of packages and documents t... Free Essays on FedEx & UPS Free Essays on FedEx & UPS Introduction In the last 20 years, guaranteed two-day and overnight delivery service has resulted in drastic changes in business’ perceptions of â€Å"timely†. The Pony Express delivered messages for only a few months until the telegraph rendered it obsolete. Many think that fax machines and e-mail do the same thing to the overnight market. So far this has not been the case. The industry has continued to change nonetheless, hastened by the march of technology. As manufacturers and sellers have focused on driving costs down in a more competitive marketplace, inventory management has become an increasingly important issue. The package delivery industry has responded with packages and services that make better inventory management possible. The industry offers many price structures, timing options, and tracking information alternatives for a variety of different needs. Business Summary FedEx Corporation (FedEx) is a global provider of transportation, e-commerce and supply chain management services. Services offered by FedEx companies, through over 215,000 employees and contractors, include worldwide express delivery, ground small-parcel delivery, less-than-truckload freight delivery, supply chain management, customs brokerage, and trade facilitation and electronic commerce solutions. FedEx offers its integrated business solutions through a portfolio of operating companies, including Federal Express Corporation, the Company's largest subsidiary. United Parcel Service Inc. (UPS) is an express carrier, package delivery company and a global provider of specialized transportation and logistics services. Over the course of more than 90 years, the Company has expanded from a small regional parcel delivery service into a global company. UPS delivers packages each business day for 1.8 million shipping customers to six million consignees. The Company's primary business is the time-definite delivery of packages and documents t...

Renewable Energy and Combustion Process Assignment - 5

Renewable Energy and Combustion Process - Assignment Example Question 4, b: The age of the shoe is about 112 years. Question 4, c. the huge disparity in the quantity of carbon in both the shoe and the shoelace validates the claim that the lace does not belong to the shoe. Question 5: taking a tour of Okuma city is a safer choice owing to the fact that she will wear protective gear unlike in the dinner date where she is likely to eat fish exposed to the active radioactive substance. Question 6, a: The energy released every second is 2.55Ãâ€" 10−13 Joules. Question 6, b: the amount of energy released in the context is higher than the energy consumed by a 100W bulb. Question 6, c: Shutting down the reactor stops the reaction but the core would still emit energy amounting to 1.55Ãâ€" 10−13 Joules owing to the constant rate of reaction daily. Question 7, a: The capacity of the dam is likely to increase with the increase in the amount of water in its reserve. Question 7, b: Renewable energy is often unreliable owing to climatic disparities. Question 8: Furthermore, the two types of fuels just as any other renewable energy does not pollute the environment since they emit unstable yet harmless gaseous components that readily react with the oxygen in the atmosphere to form water vapor. Question 8: Biodiesels and is renewable because just as the name suggests the key raw material in its manufacture are plants, which grow just like any other. The same is the case with ethanol whose manufacture relies on plants that act as the raw materials.